Blu-ray Disc

Blue ray" redirects here. For the fish, see Neoraja caerulea.

Blu-ray Disc

Media type High-density optical disc

Encoding MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1

Capacity 25 GB (single-layer)

50 GB (dual-layer)

100/128 GB (BDXL)

Block size 64 kb ECC

Read mechanism 405 nm laser:

1× @ 36 Mbit/s (4.5 MByte/s)

Developed by Sony

Blu-ray Disc Association[1]

Usage Data storage

1080p High-definition video High-definition audio

stereoscopic 3D

Future possibility:

Quad HD

2160p

Ultra HD

Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) (Japanese: ブルーレイディスク Burū-Rei Disuku) is a high definition media format designed to supersede the DVD format. The format defines as its standard physical media a 5-inch (same as DVDs and CDs), 25 GB per-layer optical disc, being dual layer discs (50 GB) the norm for feature-length video discs, and the addition of more layers left open as a future possibility.

The name Blu-ray Disc refers to the "blue laser" used to read the disc, which allows for five times more storage than on a DVD.

Blu-ray Disc was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. As of June 2009, more than 1,500 Blu-ray Disc titles were available in Australia and the United Kingdom, with 2,500 in the United States and Canada.[2] In Japan as of July 2010 more than 3,300 titles were released.[3]

During the high definition optical disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the main company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008,[4] releasing their own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009.[5]

Contents [hide]

1 History

1.1 Origins

1.2 Launch and sales developments

1.3 Competition from HD DVD

1.4 End of the format war and future prospects

2 Physical media

2.1 Laser and optics

2.2 Hard-coating technology

2.3 Recording speed

2.4 Variants

2.4.1 Mini Blu-ray Disc

2.4.2 Blu-ray Disc recordable

2.4.3 BD9 and BD5

2.4.4 BDXL

2.4.5 IH-BD

3 Software standards

3.1 Filesystem

3.2 Directory and file structure

3.3 Media format

3.3.1 Container format

3.3.2 Codecs

3.3.2.1 Video

3.3.2.2 Audio

3.3.3 Bit rate

3.4 Application format

3.5 Java software support

3.6 Player profiles

3.6.1 BD-Live

3.7 Region codes

3.8 Digital rights management

3.8.1 HDCP

3.8.2 AACS

3.8.3 BD+

3.8.4 BD-ROM Mark

4 Backward compatibility

5 Ongoing development

5.1 Blu-ray 3D

6 Variants

6.1 AVCHD

6.2 AVCREC

7 Criticism

8 See also

9 References

10 External links

 

SmartCards Expo 2010

September 28, 29, 30, 2010 Bombay Exhibition Centre, Goregaon, Mumbai, India

    SmartCards Expo 2009, co-located with e-Security Expo 2009, RFidIndia Expo 2009, BiometricsIndia Expo 2009 and e-PaymentsIndia Expo 2009, was held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India on September 10 -12, 2009. Despite global economic slowdown, the show maintained its No.1 position in Asia. About 200 exhibitors from 30 countries displayed a wide range of Smart Card, RFID, e-Security and Biometrics and e-Payments products and solutions, some of them for the first time. The show attracted more than 6,000 visitors from all parts of India and neighbouring countries.

During the last 10 years in Delhi, the Capital of India – SmartCards Expo has spearheaded the Smart Card Revolution in the country, by promoting Smart Card technologies and applications in e-Governance and a variety of socio-economic spheres and Regions. Smart card applications in conjunction with Mobile Communications, Biometrics, RFID, and e-Payments have rapidly proliferated into large application areas i.e. transportation, driving licences and vehicle registration, National ID, Access Control, e-Passport, Retail, Loyalty, Banking and Finance, Microfinance, Retail, Public Distribution System, Ration cards, Land records, Healthcare, Hospital applications, Automatic Fare Collection, Toll Collection, Close User Group Applications, and several others.

SmartCards Expo 2010

Next destination of SmartCards Expo to carry forward Smart Card Revolution in India is now Mumbai, the Financial Capital of the country and the Capital of Maharashtra, the third largest state in the country by area, and second largest by population (almost 97 million people). The state ranks as the country's number one industrialised state, boasting a GDP of almost twice the national average and accounts for a lion's share of the country's Exports. The State offers the finest Infrastructure, excellent educational facilities, quality trained manpower, a professional work ethic and a conducive business environment.

SmaratCards Expo 2010, co-located with e-Security Expo 2010, RFidIndia Expo 2010, BiometricsIndia 2010, and e-PaymentsIndia Expo 2010 will be held at Bombay Exhibition Centre, Goregaon, Mumbai, on September 28, 29 and 30, 2010.

While in Mumbai, SmartCards Expo 2010 along with co-located events, will focus on State-level e-Governance, Corporates, Finanicial and Banking applications. Mumbai is a major centre for financial and banking industry.

Concurrently with the exhibition, Electronics Today, India’s FIRST Techno-Economic Electronics Monthly journal, now in 42nd year of publication, will be organising Technical Workshops and international conferences, covering topics like applications of smart card, Biometrics, RFID and e-Payments technologies.Facts & Figures related to: SmartCards Expo 2009 co-located with
BiometricsIndia Expo 2009, e-Security Expo 2009, RFidIndia Expo 2009
and e- PaymentsIndia Expo 2009


Facts & Figures related to: SmartCards Expo 2009 co-located with
BiometricsIndia Expo 2009, e-Security Expo 2009, RFidIndia Expo 2009
and e- PaymentsIndia Expo 2009



Participating Countries:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Columbia, Dubai, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Sweden, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, USA.